The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 was awarded to Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation".
Since the late 1980s, a rapidly growing number of physiological substrates of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis system have been identified. A few of the most important examples are: regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, cancer and programmed cell death, immune and inflammatory responses, cystic fibrosis (CF), and prevention of self-pollination in plants.
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